Most New York City Employers Now Prohibited from Conducting Pre-Employment Marijuana Tests

Effective May 10, 2020, it is considered an unlawful discriminatory practice in New York City for an employer, labor organization, or employment agency to require a job applicant to submit to a marijuana test as a condition of employment. By way of background, on April 9, 2019, the New York City Council passed (by a 41-4 vote) a bill (Intro. No. 1445-A) banning such testing. Because Mayor Bill de Blasio did not sign or veto the bill within 30 days of its passage, it became law on May 10, 2019.

The provisions of the law do not apply to people applying to work in the following positions:

  • positions in law enforcement;
  • certain construction jobs (as defined in the law);
  • any position requiring a commercial driver’s license;
  • positions requiring the supervision or care of children, medical patients, or vulnerable persons (as defined in the law); and
  • positions with the “potential to significantly impact the health or safety of employees or members of the public,” as determined by rules promulgated by the City.

The provisions of the law also do not apply to drug testing required pursuant to:

  • Department of Transportation (Part 40) or state or local drug testing regulations;
  • federal contracts between the federal government and an employer or any grant of federal assistance from the federal government to an employer that mandates drug testing;
  • any federal or state statute, regulation, or order that requires drug testing of prospective employees for purposes of safety or security; and
  • any applicants whose prospective employer is a party to a valid collective bargaining agreement that specifically addresses the pre-employment drug testing of the applicants.

On April 16, 2020, the New York City Commission on Human Rights held a hearing to consider proposed rules to clarify certain exceptions.

Now more than ever, employers in all jurisdictions should review their existing drug testing or substance abuse policies and determine how best to address any applicant or employee positive test result for marijuana. In jurisdictions like New York City and Nevada, which we previously reported here has a law that prohibits most employers from considering a pre-employment positive marijuana test result, employers may also need to consider working with their drug testing vendors and Medical Review Officers to ensure that job applicants are not tested for marijuana or that such tests are not reported in the final test result. As mentioned, more states are enacting medical and recreational marijuana laws and courts have issued employee-friendly decisions addressing existing laws, which makes it particularly important for employers to stay ahead of this evolving area of the law.

Photo of Jennifer L. MoraJennifer L. Mora

Jennifer Mora is senior counsel in the Labor & Employment Department of Seyfarth Shaw LLP’s Los Angeles office and a key member of the firm’s Workplace Compliance Solutions Group.

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